The National Academy of Sciences 2005 BEIR VII report recognizes that there is no safe dose of radiation, as affirmed by several additional radiation researchers. Women and children are particularly susceptible.
After the accident at Three Mile Island there were elevated rates of cancer within the radioactive plume pathways the reactor released, according to a 1997 study.
More recent studies, such as Kaatsch, et. al, in 2008 and Baker and Hoel, 2007 meta-analysis, have shown that normally operating reactors, ones that have supposedly not had accidents, have elevated rates of childhood leukemia around them.
A scientific review by Belson, et. al, 2007 states that “Only one environmental risk factor (ionizing radiation) has been significantly linked to” childhood leukemia.
Also see Beyond Nuclear's new fact sheet about radiation and the health hazards it poses.